|
Nutrient |
What it Does |
Deficiencies Cause |
Protein
(Soy is a form
of protein) |
Growth & repair of the body; helps
transport nutrients throughout the body; helps body fight infection;
regulates fluid in the body; is a source of protein; and all enzymes
are proteins (enzymes perform many body functions). |
Kwashiorkor - severe growth
retardation, loss of hair color, wounds do not heal, anemia,
weakness, increased risk of infection, and can result in death.
Marasmus - same as
Kwashiorkor systems & muscle wasting, weakened heart, and impaired
brain development |
|
Fats |
Source of energy & energy stores; forms
the major component of cell walls; nourishes skin & hair; insulates
the body from heat & cold; and cushions the main organs of the body. |
Weakness, rough skin, brittle hair, and
intolerance to heat & cold. |
|
Carbohydrates |
Provide the body with energy to perform
all it's functions. The brain & nervous system prefer carbohydrates
for energy over protein and fats. |
Weakness, fatigue, confusion, low blood
sugar (hypoglycemia). |
|
Fiber |
Replaces calories from fat; gives a
feeling of fullness; decreases the risk of colon cancer; may
decrease cholesterol levels; and may improve blood sugar levels by
slowing the absorption of glucose (sugar). |
Can lead to appendicitis,
atherosclerosis (a type of heart disease), colon cancer,
constipation, and diabetes (high blood sugar). |
|
Vitamin A |
Helps in vision; growth & repair of the
body; improves immunity; and helps decrease the risk of cancer. |
Night blindness, rough skin, increased
risk of infection, impaired bone & body growth, abnormal tooth & jaw
alignment, eye problems that can lead to blindness. |
|
Vitamin C |
Helps in wound healing; maintains bone
& teeth; strengthens blood vessels; improves immunity; and helps the
body absorb iron. |
Scurvy- bleeding gums, tooth
loss, and even death. Anemia, atherosclerosis (clogged blood
vessels) depression, increased infections, muscle degeneration,
rough skin, weakened bones, and poor wound healing. |
|
Vitamin D |
Bone & tooth formation; helps body
absorb & use calcium & phosphorous that aids in bone formation. |
Rickets - Soft bones, abnormal
growth, joint pain, and badly formed teeth. |
|
Thiamin |
Helps in the release of energy from
food; supports a normal appetite; supports nervous system functions. |
Beriberi - extreme loss of
muscle tissue, swelling all over the body, enlargement of heart,
irregular heart rate, & paralysis. Also can cause mental confusion,
weakness, & impaired growth. |
|
Riboflavin |
Helps in the release of energy from
food; promotes healthy skin and normal vision. |
Vision problems, skin disorders around
the nose and mouth. |
|
Vitamin B6 |
Helps in the release of energy from
food; promotes healthy skin, nerves, and the digestive system. |
Nervous disorders, skin rashes, muscle
weakness, anemia, seizures, and kidney stones. |
|
Vitamin B12 |
Needed for protein & fat metabolism;
helps in the formation of antibodies to fight infection and the
formation of red blood cells. |
Anemia, smooth tongue, fatigue, and
nerve degeneration that can lead to paralysis. |
|
Niacin |
Maintains nerve cells; helps in red
blood cell production; and helps in the production of genetic
material. |
Pellagra- skin rash on the body
where exposed to the sun, loss of appetite, dizziness, weakness,
irritability, fatigue, confusion, and indigestion. |
|
Folate |
Helps in red blood cell formation,
protein metabolism, and new cell division. Helps in the formation of
the nervous system of developing fetuses. |
Anemia, heartburn, diarrhea, smooth
tongue, depression, and poor growth. |
|
Biotin |
Helps in energy metabolism, fat
production, and storage of a form of sugar (glycogen) that is stored
in the liver. |
Loss of appetite, nausea, depression,
muscle pain, weakness, fatigue, and skin rash. |
|
Iron |
Helps in the formation of hemoglobin
(enables red blood cells to carry oxygen) and helps the body use
energy from food. |
Anemia, weakness, headaches, increased
risk of infections, and inability to concentrate. |
|
Calcium |
Strengthens bones & teeth; helps
muscles work; and helps blood clot, nerves to function, and in blood
pressure function. |
Stunted growth, tooth decay, and bone
loss in adults. |
|
Phosphorus |
Part of every cell in the body and
helps maintain acid balance of the body. |
Unknown |
|
Magnesium |
Helps in bone formation, protein use by
the body, enzyme action, muscle activity, and in nerve function. |
Weakness, confusion, decreased function
of the pancreas, growth failure, and muscle spasms. |
|
Zinc |
Part of many enzymes, present in the
hormone insulin; helps in the production of proteins, boosts
immunity; helps transport Vitamin A in the body; helps in wound
healing, taste, and normal fetal development. |
Growth failure, delayed development,
loss of taste, and poor wound healing. |
|
Iodine |
Helps in thyroid function and
regulation of metabolism. |
Cretinism- severe physical and
mental retardation, Goiter development. |
|
Copper |
Helps with iron absorption, and is part
of several enzymes. |
Anemia and bone changes |